Thursday, 7 September 2017

Lactose Intolerance by Ethnicity and Region


"An estimated 65% of human adults (and most adult mammals) downregulate [decrease] the production of intestinal lactase after weaning. Lactase is necessary for the digestion of lactose, the main carbohydrate in milk, and without it, milk consumption can lead to bloating, flatulence, cramps and nausea. Continued production of lactase throughout adult life (lactase persistence, LP) is a genetically determined trait and is found at moderate to high frequencies in Europeans and some African, Middle Eastern and Southern Asian populations." 

Lactose intolerance percentages were taken directly from the source referenced. The fact that some percentages are exact and others are provided as a range is the result of the research methodologies used by the authors of the respective studies. Please note that the data below references lactose intolerance only and not milk allergy. For information on the differences between Lactose Intolerance and Milk Allergy please click here.

Ethnicity / 
Geographic Region
% With Lactose Intolerance
1. East Asian90-100%1
2. Indigenous (North America)80-100%3
3. Central Asian80%1
4. African American (North America)75%2
5. African (Africa)70-90%1
6. Indian (Southern India)70%1
7. French (Southern France)65%1
8. Ashkenazi Jew (North America)60-80%3
9. Balkans Region55%1
Ethnicity / 
Geographic Region
% With Lactose Intolerance
10. Latino/Hispanic (North America)51%2
11. Indian (Northern India)30%1
12. Anglo (North America)21%2
13. Italian (Italy)20-70%1
14. French (Northern France)17%1
15. Finnish (Finland)17%1
16. Austrian (Austria)15-20%1
17. German (Germany)15%1
18. British (U.K.)5-15%1
 
Sources:
  1. Michael de Vrese "Probiotics: Compensation for Lactase Insufficiency," American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Feb., 2001 
  2. Nevin S. Scrimshaw, MD "The Acceptability of Milk and Milk Products in Populations with a High Prevalence of Lactose Intolerance," American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Oct., 1988 
  3. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development "Lactose Intolerance: Information for Health Care Providers," NIH Publication No. 05-5303B, Jan., 2006

Wednesday, 6 September 2017

Does Drinking Milk Contribute to Heart Disease?



PRO (yes)



Margaret Moss, MA, Director of the Nutrition & Allergy Clinic in Manchester, UK, in her study "Does Milk Cause Coronary Heart Disease?" published in the Journal of Nutritional & Environmental Medicineon Sep. 1, 2002, wrote:

"Several studies have been published showing a high positive correlation between milk consumption in different countries and rates of death a few years later from CHD [Coronary Heart Disease]. One investigation showed that countries which reduced milk consumption later had reduced rates of CHD death, while the only country studied which increased its milk consumption [Portugal] had an increased rate of CHD death."

Sep. 1, 2002 - Margaret Moss, MA 




William B. Grant, PhD, senior research scientist at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), wrote in his article "Milk and Other Dietary Influences on Coronary Heart Disease," published in 1998 in the Alternative Medicine Review:

"The statistical results of the present study confirm the finding...that the non-fat components of milk are important in the etiology [cause or origin] of heart disease for both males and females... Given the strong statistical link between milk carbohydrates, non-fat milk and heart disease in this study...much more attention should be given to the study of the link between dietary bovine milk and heart disease."

1998 - William B. Grant, PhD 




Boyd Swinburn, MD, Chair in Population Health in the School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences at Deakin University, in a report commissioned by the New Zealand Food Safety Authority, titled "Beta Casein A1 and A2 in Milk and Human Health," and completed July 13, 2004, concluded:

"About 25-30% of the protein in cows' milk is beta casein... One of the forms is called A1 beta casein and it has been suggested that it might cause or aggravate one type 1 diabetes, heart disease, schizophrenia, and autism.

The strongest evidence is for type 1 diabetes and heart disease. The main study supporting a relationship with the type of milk consumed was a comparison of 20 countries. Those countries with the highest consumption of A1 beta casein had the highest rates of type 1 diabetes and heart disease."

July 13, 2004 - Boyd Swinburn, MD 




Joseph Mercola, DO, osteopath and author, in an undated article on his website titled "Don't Drink Your Milk!" (accessed Sep. 17, 2007), wrote:

"There is also a problem with a protein enzyme called xanthine oxidase which is in cow's milk. Normally, proteins are broken down once you digest them.

However, when milk is homogenized, small fat globules surround the xanthine oxidase and it is absorbed intact into your blood stream. There is some very compelling research demonstrating clear associations with this absorbed enzyme and increased risks of heart disease."

Sep. 17, 2007 - Joseph Mercola, DO 




Stephen Seely, MD, cardiologist and researcher, wrote in his 1991 article "Is Calcium Excess in Western Diet a Major Cause of Arterial Disease?" published in the International Journal of Cardiology:

"The general observation can be made that, in countries where the daily calcium intake is 200-400 mg, arterial diseases are non-existent. Blood pressure does not increase with age. In countries where the daily intake is 800 mg, arterial disease is the leading cause of mortality. A more specific indicator is the strong positive correlation between consumption of milk and mortality from coronary arterial disease."

1991 - Stephen Seeley 

CON (no)


Peter Elwood, MD, Professor of Epidemiology at Cardiff University, et al., in their study "Milk Drinking, Ischaemic Heart Disease and Ischaemic Stroke II. Evidence from Cohort Studies," published May 2004 in the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, concluded:

"Cohort studies provide no convincing evidence that milk is harmful. While there still could be residual confounding from unidentified factors, the studies, taken together, suggest that milk drinking may be associated with a small but worthwhile reduction in heart disease and stroke risk."

May 2004 - Peter Elwood, MD 



The UC Berkeley School of Public Health published an article in its monthly Wellness Letter titled "Udder Confusion," (accessed Sep. 13, 2007), stating:

"Claim: Dairy products increase the risk of heart disease.

Facts: If you consume lots of whole milk and cheese, you're likely to raise your blood cholesterol levels. That's true, however, of any foods rich in saturated fat and cholesterol. Milk's opponents talk as if all milk is still whole milk. But more and more dairy products these days are nonfat or low-fat, and thus do not raise cholesterol levels significantly. In fact, there's some evidence that certain substances in milk may help lower cholesterol somewhat...

Milk opponents often quote a paper in Alternative Medicine Review [1998 study by William Grant] that indicted milk, even nonfat milk, as a cause of heart disease. But that article was simplistic and misleading. It found an association between milk consumption and heart disease in population studies from 32 countries, but the data did not allow the researcher to take into consideration many of the other factors that can affect the risk of heart disease."

Sep. 13, 2007 - UC Berkeley School of Public Health 



Luc Djoussé, MD, Assistant Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School, and James S. Pankow, PhD, MPH, Associate Professor in the Department of Epidemiology at the University of Minnesota, et al., wrote in their study "Influence of Saturated Fat and Linolenic Acid on the Association Between Intake of Dairy Products and Blood Pressure," published June 26, 2006 in Hypertension: Journal of the American Heart Association:

"Our data found that dairy consumption is inversely associated with prevalent HTN [hypertension] and resting SBP [systolic blood pressure] mainly among individuals consuming less saturated fat and independent of dietary calcium. These findings lend support to the recommendation of low-fat dairy consumption as a mean to lower blood pressure."

[Note: High blood pressure is commonly considered to increase the risk of heart disease.]

June 26, 2006 - Luc Djoussé, MD, DSc 



Peter Elwood, MD, Professor of Epidemiology at Cardiff University, et al., in their study "Milk Consumption, Stroke, and Heart Attack Risk: Evidence from the Caerphilly Cohort of Older Men," published in the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health in 2005, concluded:

"The men with the greater consumption of milk experienced a reduction in the risk of ischaemic [inadequate blood flow] stroke and a possible reduction in ischaemic heart disease risk. Explanations of these results other than a beneficial effect of milk would seem to be unlikely. The present perception of milk as harmful, in increasing cardiovascular risk, should be challenged and every effort should be made to restore it to its rightful place in a healthy diet."

2005 - Peter Elwood, MD 



The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services published a report titled "Your Guide to a Healthy Heart" in Dec. 2005, stating:

"Certain mineral-rich foods can help keep blood pressure levels healthy... Calcium and magnesium are two other minerals that may help to prevent high blood pressure, as well as improve health in other ways. Low-fat or fat-free milk and milk products are rich sources of calcium."

Dec. 2005 - United States Department of Health and Human Services 
"Your Guide to a Healthy Heart" (2.18MB)  




A1 variety of milk causes high blood pressure


Is your milk A2 variety?

Yes, it is A2 milk, from Indigenous native Indian cows. A2 milk is rich in good cholesterol (rich in Omega-3 fatty acids).

A1 variety of milk from Jersey/Holstein-Freisnan cows contains harmful chemical - ‘casomorphine’ and bad cholesterol which causes high blood pressure, clogs arteries and causes diabetes.

http://www.madrasmilk.com/index.php?#faq

Monday, 4 September 2017

Diabetic for almost 20 years. Since April 2016 Zero Carb and intermittent fasting. Blood glucose normalized in weeks and off meds over a year

My Note: Skipping breakfast may be a good way to control diabetes? Why are glucose levels high in the morning, why do they test glucose levels in the morning?

Few people below mention that they feel better during the day if they skip breakfast.

Insight: In earlier times, in Indian villages, people did not have breakfast? Or did they? People used to have conjee (saldi annam in Telugu)

Even in France, people don't have much for breakfast. They just have a piece of bread.

***


Esmée La Fleur shared a link to the group: Principia Carnivora.

Skipping breakfast raises blood glucose in Type 2 diabetics. (http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/38/10/1820)

Shared by Raymund Edwards in his group Optimal Ketogenic Living.

Raymund Edwards Sun sets and rises and so does metabolism
circadian clocks are the same whether we eat or fast or eat fat or sugar
when we eat makes a difference because we run on clocks
keto people get jet lag just the same - eating at the wrong time is the same effect on metabolism.


Ken Gordon -  I also know some severe Type 2s who have done a masterful job with control, a1cs in the 4s, and basically eat very low carb, high(-ish adequate etc.) protein meals once, maybe twice / day.

Esmée La Fleur If people are experiencing high A1c and high glucose on ZC, this is something to keep in mind and experiment with in my opinion

Todd Garrison Lex Rooker had consistently high A1c. He ate only one meal per day. He was not troubled by the marker, and I don't recall his blood glucose being a problem. He did not have diabetes.

Judy Graham-Taber As far as glucose spikes, someone in another group had a theory. Waking up causes cortisol that spikes insulin, breakfast spikes insulin, and exercise spikes insulin. So he was thinking, wake up, work out, eat breakfast, then the body burns through all that at one time leaving more time for fasting benefits until your next meal. I don't know if anyone tested this but sounds interesting.


Celeste Kelsey "Everyone has a dawn phenomenon. Otherwise they’d be too weak to get breakfast. But in people without diabetes, insulin levels also increase to handle the extra glucose. People with diabetes can’t increase insulin levels that much, so their early morning blood glucose levels can rise dramatically." (https://www.diabetesselfmanagement.com/blog/controlling-the-dawn-phenomenon/)

Hanna Achepohl If I eat breakfast I am hungry all day and eat all day which spikes my insulin. If I just eat dinner (one meal a day) I am fine. I have been able to keep my blood sugars in the non diabetic range since 2008 by eating this way except for a few years when I got off track.

John Clary My n=1 experience is that I was type 2 diabetic for almost 20 years, on pills and injections and still had trouble controlling my blood glucose. April 2016 I found ZC and intermittent fasting. Blood glucose normalized in weeks and I've been off meds for over a year. Glucose and A1C now completely normal. Just from cutting out carbs and IF. I don't understand why the ADA continues to advocate a high carb diet for diabetics. It just doesn't make sense.


Ken Gordon It's fascinating to read stories like this from people who are 20 year veterans, my own more limited experience tends to indicate to me that intermittent fasting helps a lot. And periods of more extended fasting (a full day or two) help bring blood sugar down to perfectly normal levels.


Susan Henderson It does not increase mine at all since being ZC.


Susan Henderson Most I believe may need to eat more often and eat to satiety long enough on ZC for their sugars to stop spiking. This has obviously worked for many.

Kim McAughey Kline I get higher readings in the morning too. Usually 110 or so but when I've tested before dinner it's in the 89s. I don't get high postperandial readings and don't get hypoglycemic episodes.

Ken Gordon I suspect that ZC folk getting consistently high readings may simply not be making enough insulin anymore. A Type 1 (or very burned out Type 2) could eat ZC, fast for days etc. and still need to inject insulin or BG would inexorably rise.

Jacki Fraise Skipping breakfast keeps my BG in the normal range. Even if I eat eggs and bacon for breakfast, my BG will go up 20 points. I skip brakfast and don't eat till 11am if not later, my body prefers it.

Source: Facebook discussion on Principa Carnivora group - Sept 5, 2017

What are the health benefits of using the full moon ghee?

What are the health benefits of using the full moon ghee?

Our ghee is being used by many doctors in successfully treating cholestrol, blood pressure , cancer, diabetes on regular consumption of ghee made from desi cow milk curd using traditional process, good amount of weight reduction was noticed within 2 months of regular consumption as prescribed by doctor.

What are the ailments cured by the full moon ghee?

Reduce bad cholestrol, Fix Skin disorders, DM, migraine, lupus, digestive disorders, acidity, solve weight issues, cough and cold, sinus.

http://www.vrindavanmilk.com/desi-cow-ghee/

White Butter – Made from buffalo milk


When we think of Janmashtami we think of butter – the food that Lord Krishna loved so much that he wouldn’t stop short of stealing it. While the diet and weight loss industry has shunned it into oblivion, making it the most feared food for dieters the world over, our ancestors used to use it abundantly in the form of white butter and ghee.

According to a renowned dietician to the stars, white butter and ghee are foods that do immense good for our bodies. Here is a list of benefits the yummy treat has.

According to Rujuta, ‘Rich in anti ageing Vitamin A and enzymes, makhan or white butter enhances not just taste of food but life itself. The food of Gods!’

1. Provides ‘healthy’ calories: Butter as we all know has a high calorie value. However, according to Rujuta, the foods that have high amounts of calories are also those that are much more beneficial to the body. Every 100 grams has about 750 calories. Learn how to track the number of calories you eat here.

2. Helps you lose weight: Yes, we are serious. White butter contains lecithin, a substance that helps in the proper assimilation and metabolism of cholesterol and other fat constituents. This makes you break down and use fats more efficiently, helping you actually lose weight. It also satiates any cravings you might have while you are dieting, therefore helping the weight loss process along. Here is a sample weight loss diet by our expert.

3. Helps treat minor infections: It has potent anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties that make it a great way to boost one’s immune system and treat minor illnesses like an upset tummy or a cold and flu. Rujuta says, ‘Have you wondered why when you are ill, your mother used to give you homemade daal khichdi with a dollop of white butter or ghee? It’s because of it is great antibacterial properties.’

4. Boosts your immune system: Butter is made up of a unique molecular structure of saturated fat. This structure helps it retain a whole load of calcium, phosphorous and vitamin A and D. All these constituents boost one’s immune system. Here are some natural way to boost your immune system.

5. Makes you smarter and sharper: The molecular structure of butter helps it pass through the layers of tissue that are otherwise impermeable, like that of the brain. It helps the transportation of nutrients to the brain and takes away wastes from it making the brain function optimally. Here are some tips and tricks to give your brain some exercise.

6. Makes your skin glow: Butter is packed with the essential mineral selenium, a potent antioxidant along with vitamin E which helps to smoothen out the skin and keeps it healthy and elastic. This gives that healthy glow to one’s skin. Read about home remedies to make your skin glow naturally.

7. Helps fight cancer: It is packed with CLA or conjugated linoleic acid along with short chain and medium chain fatty acids that have anti-cancer properties.

8. Treats a number of ailments: In ayurveda a number of practitioners prescribe the use of white butter as a remedy for ailments such as ear problems, insomnia, bed wetting, sexual weakness, and even for mental illnesses. It is especially advised to mother-to-be during their fourth month of pregnancy since it helps nourish the growing child and eases labour.

9. Lubricates the joints: Due to its structure, it helps in the production of compounds that lubricate joints. It is especially great for people suffering from arthritis since it increases the lubrication between joints helping in reducing the pain associated with the condition. Read more about joint pain here.

10. Helps develop the brain and nervous system in children: Since butter contains Arachidonic Acid (AA) that plays an important role in brain function and the maintenance of healthy cellular structure, it is very good for the proper development of a child’s brain. Apart from that it has a unique highly absorbable form of vitamin D that is essential for the proper functioning of the synapses (portion between two nerves that helps the relay of information to and from the brain). Since children’s brains are still forming giving it the right and most essential nourishment is of utmost importance.

https://gheestore.in/uthukuli-butter/

Thursday, 24 August 2017

Fermenting lentils - For longer fermentation time, you'll need to add salt to keep the molds out.



all 21 comments
[–]Cdresden 3 points  
Idlis are steamed pancakes made from fermented lentils and rice, but the fermentation time is short, only a day. For longer fermentation time, you'll need to add salt to keep the molds out.
I wouldn't try to ferment living, sprouted lentils. The live plants have a natural resistance to fermentation. You'd want to kill the sprouted lentils by boiling briefly.


[–]
Watawkichaw 3 points  
I was at a workshop with Sandor Katz and he just soaked them over night, then blended them with some cooked rice. The pink solution was then placed in a jar overnight (2 days) and it would raise on its own. His recipe in wild fermentation allows the use of kefir or yogurt. Check it out!

[–]LibertyLipServiceAji's Are Awesome 2 points  
That sounds tasty!
I personally wouldn't use whey.
I prefer a 2 1/2 to 4 percent salt by weight saline solution.

[–]imightbemary 2 points  
I ferment lentils and other beans using yogurt as a starter all the time, so whey would likely work. You don't have to add salt, but I usually do since I live in a warmer climate and it keeps the fermentation from proceeding too quickly.
[–]sacredblasphemieskeckek el fouqara, nuka pickles. 2 points  
I've never done this, so take my post with a grain of salt (See what I did there?) but I would definitely recommend using salt.
The point of adding salt is to create a hospitable environment for lactobacilli..which in turn will create an inhospitable environment for harmful bacteria.

****

Fermenting Lentils
Posted on Thu 19 Apr 2012 at 3:00 PM PST. Filed under Recipes.
I wrote it before, and I will write it once more: The (proper) dairy is my No1 point of disagreement with mainline Paleo, with lentils being the No2. Lentils have too much iron, manganese, and folate, nutrients that are sorely missed when going too-low carb. They are essentially the best kinds of legumes in terms of nutrition. Unfortunately, they also have a lot of anti-nutrients: loads of lectins, to be exact.

In the olden days, beans would only be eaten while they’ve been previously fermented (soy too). But in the fast-pacing modern days we live in, convenience rules, so people stopped fermenting foods. According to an experiment carried out by researchers, a 24 to 36 hours fermentation of lentils gets rid of most of the lectins! At the end of the fermentation, the lectins and anti-nutrients surviving are not more than the ones found on a carrot or spinach. So in my opinion, Paleo fanatics who are adamant about the no-legumes rule, need to ease up. Just like with dairy, there are exceptions to the rule.


Lentils and Peas by Photobunny Earl. Licensed under the Creative Commons BY-NC-ND 2.0.
So, how to ferment lentils? There are two ways to do this, either via pickling, or via lacto-fermentation (preferred).

Common Steps (for 1 cup of lentils):

A. Lentils are usually cross-contaminated with grains (since they grow in grass fields), so you must go through your raw lentils and remove anything that doesn’t look like a lentil.

B. Wash the lentils thoroughly using your palms, and sift-strain them.

Acidity Fermentation:

1. Place in a bowl, and add double the amount of water than that of lentils. The water must be slightly warm, around 30 C. For this type of fermentation, any kind of water will do, but filtered is best.

2. Add 1 tablespoon of raw vinegar, or the juice of a small lemon into the water. Stir, and cover (but not air-tight).

3. After 12 hours, strain the water away, and repeat steps 1 & 2 (every 12 hours). Ferment for 24 to 36 hours.

Lacto-fermentation:

1. Place in a bowl, and add double the amount of water than that of lentils. The water must be slightly warm, but no more than 25-30 C. For this type of fermentation, non-tap water must be used. Use either filtered, or bottled water. The good bacteria we will use to ferment, can’t survive on tap water.

2. Add 1.5 tablespoons of plain yogurt, or preferably, 1/4 cup of home-made goat kefir. Stir, and cover (but not air-tight).

3. After 12 hours, strain the water away, and repeat steps 1 & 2 (every 12 hours). Ferment for 24 to 36 hours.

Drain and wash them again, then cook your lentils according to your recipe (although probably they will require less cooking time).

***

FERMENTING LENTILS FOR SOUP AND OTHER DISHES

Lentils are popular all over the world, and for good reason. Their nutrient content is wonderful, they are packed with filling protein. However, like all legumes, lentils can be difficult for some to digest.
Lacto-fermentation, aided with the many strains of bacteria found in cultured dairy, can help prepare your lentils for the soup pot and make them easier to digest. 

INGREDIENTS:
2-4 teaspoon sea salt
8-16 cups water
2 cups lentils
¼-1 cup whey from yogurt or kefir (optional)


Instructions for Fermenting Lentils:
Disslove 1 teaspoon sea salt in 4 cups water. 
Place lentils in a bowl and cover with salt water. Add ¼ cup whey, if desired. Stir and cover with a tight-weave cloth or breathable towel. Leave in a warm spot to soak for 12 hours. 
Strain the soaking water off and add fresh salt water and a bit more whey, if desired. Ferment another 12 hours. 
Repeat for a total of 24 to 48 hours, depending on the temperature. 
Finally, drain, rinse, and cook as desired. Note that the cooking time might be significantly less due to the long soaking process.
****
Fermenting seems to be the best method to cook mung daal.

How to Soak, Boil, Sprout & Ferment Beans and Other Legumes
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COREY PEMBERTON
Beans and other legumes are a big part of many people’s diets.



They’re cheap to buy, keep for a long time, and come highly recommended by government agencies and mainstream nutrition groups.

You won’t find them in most Paleo recipes, though. While there’s some disagreement about certain legumes and grains (like white rice), the general consensus is that most of these foods do more harm than good. Their nutritional value just doesn’t stack up to animal protein or vegetables and fruits.

(Read: What Are Legumes?)

A lot of people don’t realize it, but how these foods are prepared has a big impact on whether they’re harmful or healthy.

Most people today are eating beans and other legumes (like peas and lentils) that haven’t been processed to remove dangerous anti-nutrients.

But if you’re willing to change the way you prepare these foods, you can lessen some of the dangers.

A Host of Dangerous Anti-Nutrients
Because plants can’t pick up and run like animals can, they evolved different mechanisms to protect themselves and their seeds from predators (1). Some of these mechanisms – anti-nutrients – explain why legumes aren’t recommended by most Paleo experts.

Phytates are one of the most dangerous and common anti-nutrients found in legumes. These chemicals exist naturally in those foods, but they cause issues for us by binding themselves to calcium, zinc, iron, and other important vitamins and minerals (2). This process stops our bodies from absorbing those key nutrients, which can lead to mineral deficiencies and other serious problems like osteoporosis (3).

 Eating lectins all the time breaks down the integrity of the gut lining, leading to indigestion, inflammation, and other serious problems… 
Lectins are another anti-nutrient to keep in mind. They’re found in all kinds of foods, but they are particularly concentrated in legumes. Lectins protect plants by helping seeds pass through predators’ digestive tracts still intact, but they’re harmful to us because they pass through intestinal walls and into our bloodstream. Eating lectins all the time breaks down the integrity of the gut lining, leading to indigestion, inflammation, and other serious problems like leaky gut and autoimmune diseases (4, 5).

Unfortunately, modern food processing methods do little (if anything) to remove these harmful anti-nutrients before they make their way onto your pantry shelves.

But societies have eaten legumes for thousands of years without struggling with so many health issues.

What gives?

Traditional Food Preparation Techniques Remove Anti-Nutrients
Civilizations around the world haven’t always had reliable access to quality produce and animal protein. So they developed simple ways to minimize the harmful anti-nutrients found in legumes, making them healthier to eat and digest.

Here are some of their methods you could try today:

Soaking
One of the easiest ways to remove anti-nutrients from beans and other legumes is to simply soak them in water for several hours before cooking them.

A lot of the anti-nutrients are actually in the skin of these foods. Because they’re on the surface of the food and water-soluble, some of them dissolve when you soak them in water (6).

Just how many anti-nutrients soaking can remove depends on the type of legume you choose. One study compared soaking white beans, broad beans, lentils, chickpeas, and soybeans for 12 hours at 78 degrees Fahrenheit. Researchers found this reduced phytates by between eight and 20 percent (7). Another study published in the Journal of Food Science focused on brown beans and tracked the effects of soaking them at different temperatures. Longer soaking times and the warmest water caused the greatest decrease in phytates (8).

 The soaking process itself is pretty straightforward: 1) water, 2) heat, and 3) time. 
Soaking legumes can also help remove lectins. One study found that soaking pigeon peas for six to 18 hours decreased their lectin content by between 38 and 50 percent (9). And Michigan State University researchers found that soaking red kidney beans for 12 hours decreased lectin by almost 49 percent (10).

The soaking process itself is pretty straightforward. It isn’t an exact science, but the common elements (no matter which types of beans or legumes you choose) are: 1) water, 2) heat, and 3) time.

Start out by warming water in a kettle. Using very warm water – but not too warm – has shown be the most effective at degrading legume anti-nutrients. 140 degrees Fahrenheit is just about right. Once you have hot water ready to go, pour it over your beans and leave them in a warm place.

Your beans will absorb some of the water as it cools, so feel free to add more warm water if the levels drop too much. Let your beans soak for a long enough amount of time – between 12 and 18 hours is a good goal – to strip away as many anti-nutrients as you can.

When you finish soaking the beans, just rinse them off and cook them like you normally would. Or, you can try another preparation method discussed below.

It’s important to point out here that you don’t have to choose just one method of preparation. It’s actually a great idea to combine multiple methods because it removes even more anti-nutrients (11). It takes more time and effort, but it makes these foods much less harmful to your body should you decide to eat them.

Sprouting
Sprouting – when little sprouts start emerging from the legume seeds – is the next logical step after soaking because that’s exactly what happens if you keep watering them.

Sprouting takes longer than soaking, but it makes the nutrients in legumes more available to your body when you eat them (12). This is because anti-nutrients like phytate and lectin break down due to changes within the seeds.

Sprouting has the biggest impact on phytates. Just how much of an impact depends on the type of legume. One study found that sprouting peanuts decreased their phytates by only 25 percent, but decreased the phytate content in chickpeas and lentils by around 50 percent (13).

It takes time to reap these benefits, usually four or five days. But sprouting causes a significant reduction in phytates. It becomes even more powerful if you combine it with soaking or fermentation.

How do you cause your legumes to sprout?

It begins like soaking. After you rinse off any soil and dirt, let the seeds sit for between two and 12 hours in cool water. Then, rinse the seeds and drain as much water as you can. Then put the seeds in a sprouting container (called a “sprouter”). You can find a decent sprouter online for as little as 10 dollars.

Put the seeds in the sprouter, then leave it at room temperature but out of direct sunlight. Rinse and drain the seeds several (two to four) more times once every eight to 12 hours until the sprouts come out of the seeds. Then, continue to prepare the sprouted seeds or cook them like you normally would.

Just like soaking, sprouting is more of an art and a science. Ben Greenfield put together a handy reference chart to help you figure out how long it should take to sprout specific types of legumes here.

Fermenting
Fermentation happens when bacteria or yeasts start digesting the carbohydrates in food. Usually, foods ferment by accident. That’s when they’ve sat too long without being eaten and we consider them “spoiled.”

But we also ferment foods on purpose all the time. That’s the only way to make a lot of foods and drinks – everything from yogurts and cheeses to coffees and wines.

 One study found that fermenting reduced phytates in kidney beans by 85%, soybeans by 77%, and mung beans by 69%. 
With legumes, fermentation is useful because it significantly degrades both phytate and lectin content. One study found that fermenting reduced phytates in kidney beans by 85 percent, soybeans by 77 percent, and mung beans by 69 percent (14).

How do you ferment legumes?

It’s easiest to ferment them after you’ve already cooked them. So go ahead and do that, as well as any other steps like soaking and sprouting, first. Then it’s time to add a bacteria culture to kick off the fermentation process. You can use any of these:

Brine from lacto-fermented vegetables
Kombucha
Powdered starter culture
Water kefir
Whey from cultured yogurt or kefir
Use about a tablespoon of culture for every cup of beans. If you decide to use a powdered culture, just follow the directions and use the recommended amount. After you add the culture, it’s time to break the skins of the legumes so the culture can reach the starches. You can mash your legumes completely or just apply enough pressure to break the skin. Feel free to throw in some herbs and spices for flavor.

(Read: 5 Paleo Super Herbs)

Next, put everything in a sealed container and let them culture in a warm place for a few days. Open the container lid every once in a while to release the gases that build up during the process. You can turn fermented legumes into cold salads or use them as dips.

Boiling
Boiling legumes when you cook them is one preparation method you’re probably already using.

Exposing legumes to high heat can help eliminate some of their anti-nutrients. One study found that boiling peas for 80 minutes reduced their lectin content by almost 80 percent (15).

While high heat is effective against lectins and other anti-nutrients, phytates are heat-resistant. Boiling doesn’t have much of an effect on of them. However, boiling your grains and legumes after you’ve used one (or more) other traditional preparation methods can be a good way to knock out a lot of phytates and lectins, making whatever you eat more healthy and digestible.

Is It Worth It?
We just went over different ways to prepare beans and other legumes to make them less harmful. If all of that sounded like a lot of trouble, you might be wondering if it’s even worth the time!

Yes, preparing these foods properly takes some effort and patience. But there’s no reason why you have to eat legumes. Nutritionally, you won’t find anything in them that you can’t find in the pillars of a healthy Paleo diet: vegetables, animal products, and fruits. Most of those foods are more nutritionally dense than beans and other legumes anyway.

The only reason to consider eating legumes is if you like the taste. If you decide to go that route, make it an occasional indulgence instead of a regular thing. Remember: even traditional preparation methods don’t get rid of all the anti-nutrients, and you could be getting more nutrients by eating other foods.

A Personal Decision
The best move for your health is to stay away from all legumes and their harmful anti-nutrients. You avoid the downsides, and the foods you do eat – organic animal products and produce – offer more nutritional bang for your buck.

Just like cheat days and deciding whether or not to drink alcohol, it’s ultimately a personal decision. If you do decide to eat beans or other legumes because you like their taste, limit yourself to special occasions. And make sure to spend time preparing them properly to avoid as many anti-nutrients as you can.

Do you ever eat beans or other legumes like lentils, peas, or peanuts? If so, what’s your favorite way to prepare them and remove the anti-nutrients? Leave a comment below and share your experience!