Sunday 20 June 2021

Seasonal variation of chickenpox, mumps and rubella in Taiwanese children estimated by pediatric clinics

 S C Liu 1, J D Wang, C Y Lee, M C Chou

Affiliations expand

PMID: 10496162

Erratum in

J Microbiol Immunol Infect 1999 Jun;32(2):141

Abstract

To determine the seasonal variation of childhood infectious diseases in Taiwan, the incidence rates of chickenpox, mumps and rubella were studied by analyzing patient's records collected from pediatric clinics in northern, central, southern and eastern Taiwan from January 1, 1993 to December 31, 1993. The study revealed that a chickenpox outbreak was most likely to occur in autumn, followed by a second peak in spring, and the lowest rate in summer. In this study, the highest monthly incidence of chickenpox was 540 cases per 100,000 population. The highest incidence of mumps occurred in the spring, the second highest in autumn, and the lowest during summer. Cases of rubella occurred in the spring, summer and autumn, but not in the winter. The data on chickenpox from this study revealed a similar seasonal pattern every year to that of the Department of Health of the National Quarantine Service on Taiwan. The chickenpox virus is known to be relatively sensitive to elevations in ambient temperature and is characterized by its occurrence mainly in slightly humid seasons.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10496162/

measles occur throughout the year with peaks around March, while October-November are the low transmission months.

Appropriate season for measles immunisation campaign in India

J Singh 1, D C Jain, K K Datta

Affiliations expand

PMID: 9163711

Abstract

Review of literature on the seasonality of measles in India reveals that measles occur throughout the year with peaks around March, while October-November are the low transmission months. The epidemics of measles however, occur any time during the year. Nevertheless, measles vaccination campaigns are carried out in India in the Month of March to increase the vaccine coverage levels. Being the low transmission season, October and November may be more appropriate for undertaking measles campaigns in India.

 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9163711/

Kapha builds up in winter, liquefies in spring and needs to be cleansed

 


By Anuradha Gupta | Posted: April 03, 2020


Do you feel like a hibernating bear emerging after winter? You are not alone. Kapha builds up in winter, liquefies in spring and needs to be cleansed. This time of year there is a possibility of clogging of mind-body channels, congestion, lethargy, skin manifestations, mucus build up, allergies, hay fever, sleep and evacuation disturbances, aching joints, heavy ama (toxins), weight gain, a decline in energy and lowered immunity. Agni (digestive and metabolic fire) declines.


Late winter and spring are Kapha season. Whether we have Kapha Dosha in our Prakriti (body constitution), Vikrati (imbalance) or are influenced by the change in season; we have to be mindful about following a Kapha regimen. 


Given the current worldwide health challenges, please use caution utilizing any cleanse regimen, as cleanses can sometimes make you more vulnerable physically. It is strongly encouraged to seek medical advice before starting a lengthy or involved cleanse regimen.




What kind of routine would be strengthening right now?  Ayurveda is a science that is in tune with nature and following a seasonal regimen, Ritucharya, comes naturally to us, for instance we dress warmly in winter, and spring ordinarily prompts us to go out and exercise more. Spring is nature’s new year, a cue for us to cleanse clutter from our body, mind and environment, and rejuvenate. 


Balancing Kapha Dosha - Kapha is unctuous, cool, heavy, slow, smooth, soft and static. Like increases like and opposites balance. Examples of how to balance this are: exercise and movement; eating light, dry food; staying warm by wearing warm attire, avoiding cold exposure, and having food/liquids that are warm in temperature or potency. Be mindful of your own Vikrati (imbalance)


Spring Diet –Eat regular light nourishing meals; avoid snacking, ensure lunch is the main meal of the day and have an early dinner. Avoid heavy, oily, processed, junk food and too much of sweet, salty, sour, raw or fermented foods. Favor light, warm, easy to digest meals, and bitter, pungent, astringent tastes. Try seasonal fruits, high fiber, well spiced, steamed, baked or grilled veggies, light soups, sprouted legumes, pomegranate, peaches, oranges, berries and apples. Seasonal vegetables like bitter greens, turnips, celery, bitter melon (available at Indian grocery stores), eggplant and cabbage are great; as are grains like barley, corn, quinoa, millet, wheat and basmati rice, plus mung beans and legumes. Use organic honey and jaggery (available at Indian grocery stores) as sweeteners. Have dairy and nuts in moderation. Takra, sometimes called Indian buttermilk, made by adding water to yogurt and churning it, is fine to take during this season. Go easy on oils and fatty food. All spices like holy basil, cardamom, cloves, cinnamon, cumin, ginger, garlic, paprika, coriander, fennel, parsley and turmeric are great. 


Sleep - Avoid late nights, get enough sleep and avoid day time sleep which causes build-up of kapha. Make sure to get good rest; it improves our immunity. 


Home Cleaning – Nature and our environment is an extension of ourselves. Try cleaning the clutter in the house and spend time doing creative hobbies like gardening which connect you with nature. Doing even a little spring cleaning at a time improves the Vastu, energy, in the house and makes you feel lighter! 


Yoga – Build in more exercise and energetic yoga like sun salutations, warrior and triangle pose, Padmasadhana sequence and Yoga Nidra. Your pranayama could be warming like Bhastrika (Bellows breath) and Kapal Bhati , but be mindful of contraindications. Nadi Shodhan (alternate nostril breathing) and full Yogic breathing would be very soothing. Dress warmly to avoid cold exposure if you are able to go outside for cycling or walking.


Meditation – A good way to get rid of lethargy and improve immunity is to meditate. Taking care of the mind is as important as any cleanse, or for that matter any Ayurvedic regimen like Dinacharya. This article is written at a time many of us are struggling with stress and anxiety. Try a guided meditation. Here is a free webinar if you want to learn on how to calm the mind and change your life for good.


7. Cleansing Protocol – Spring is normally the best time for a cleanse in the US, however, since we are going through a pandemic at this time, for some a cleanse could be a challenge. The objective should be to have balanced, regular, nutritious, easy to digest foods, kindle Agni with spices and be mindful with respect to rejuvenating gently, because a cleanse is inherently depleting. Here are 5 reasons to spring cleanse your body and mind every year.


An Ayurveda cleanse differs from other cleanses as referenced in this article on fall cleansing. It is individualized, done under the guidance of an Ayurvedic professional, involves decluttering the mind and lifestyle and most importantly involves a pre-cleanse and a post-cleanse rejuvenation, or Rasayana. 


Under normal circumstances, this is how you could do a mild home cleanse using Ayurveda principles: 


You could start with a pre-cleanse for 3-4 days, which involves a news media detox and stress reduction protocol with gentle yoga and pranayama. Cut down on processed food and reduce caffeine. Drink warm water with lemon and honey in the morning and sip herbal ginger or CCF tea ( cumin, coriander, fennel) during the day (1 tsp each boiled in six cups of water). Do a light Abhyanga (self-massage) with sesame, olive, dharani, or mustard oil; keep it on for about 20 minutes. Follow it up with steaming (Swedana) which you could even do in the bathroom if tolerated well. Have a warm shower. If your skin is naturally oily, you could do a dry massage, or under the guidance of an Ayurvedic professional, Udvartana, an Ayurvedic powder massage.


During the actual cleanse (for about a week) your diet should be light. In the morning have warm water, lemon and honey; you can add a pinch of cinnamon, sip warm water or herbal tea all day, (you could boil curry leaves in water, cool and drink that). Half hour before lunch or dinner, have  ½ tsp Ginger Juice + ½ tsp Honey and a Pinch of Trikatu (a combination of Black Pepper, Long Pepper and Dry Ginger in equal measures).  Avoid this if you have Pitta Vikrati (e.g. hyperacidity). You could take a cleansing herb like Ritu Haritaki or Triphala at bedtime.


Note: Take Herbs only as prescribed by your Ayurvedic Practitioner. 


During the cleanse the light diet should constitute dry, warm, well-spiced and easy to digest foods. A good example would be a mono diet of khichdi, sometimes spelled kitchari, (a specific lentil/rice combination) with veggies and ghee or any easy to digest traditional food. You could have steamed sprouted moong chaat with lemon and cilantro chutney, or poha (beaten rice) with peas and greens for breakfast, followed by khichdi and steamed veggies for lunch and a dinner consisting of light clear soups and steamed veggies. Sip warm CCF or ginger tea, or tea with warming spices like tulsi, cardamom, cloves, cinnamon or dandelion.


This is followed by a post-cleanse Rasayana or rejuvenation phase for at least a week or more, the most important phase to avoid depletion. Make sure to rest and nourish yourself. Return back to your regular diet slowly; do eat healthy. Avoid heavy, oily, cold, processed, junk food, leftovers, saturated fats, dairy, sugar, soda and alcohol. Rasayana herbs that you could take are Guduchi Rasayana, Adrak Rasayana, Chyawanprash or add ghee and honey to your diet if tolerated well; if you’ve been taking Ritu Haritaki or Triphala, taper it off now. You may find all these Rasayana and herbs online at Sri Sri Tattva.


Following a seasonal regimen helps to build immunity. As we navigate a difficult world situation, turn to your inner resilience for we are together in this; in the words of Dr. Tedros Ghebreyesus, Director-General of the WHO, “We have an opportunity to come together as one humanity; to work together, to learn and grow together.” Coming together is a principle of Kapha which is loving and nurturing and involves a slower pace. Don’t lose heart; this shall pass and that is the kind of hope that spring brings. Stay safe!


If you would like to try Art of Living’s free online guided meditation session and know more about SKY Breath Meditation, join Beyond Breath.

Spring is the kapha time of year

Spring is the kapha time of year, which means that the earth and water elements are taking over (otherwise known as mud season). I live on a dirt road that is now a mud road. Even the spring snow is heavy and wet, not light and fluffy like it was back in the subzero temps of early January.


As the temperature shifts, you might begin to feel some shifts in your body: a desire for more exercise and time outside, and a craving for lighter meals rather than the dense soups, stews, and casseroles that nourish us in fall and winter. Now’s the time to replace heavy, oily, sour, and sweet foods with foods that are pungent, bitter, astringent, dry, and light.

Eating seasonally is likely the most intuitive diet you can practice. Start with foraging at local farmers markets or joining a Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) farm. At the grocery store, look for what’s on sale in the produce section—if you see pyramids of a particular fruit or vegetable, it’s likely in seasonal abundance.

Eat Lean, Eat Green

Every year, I get so excited when my town’s farmers market starts up in late spring. Ready to load up with the bountiful spring harvest, I go to the first week’s market and come home with a skimpy bagful of radishes, ramps (wild onion), and, if I’m lucky, asparagus. Spring is lean up here in the Berkshires. My body is so ready for bitter alkaline foods by this point, and there isn’t much here.

From an Ayurvedic point of view, this is just fine. Spring is the time of year to eat lean. All winter, I have been crushing pasta, stews, meats, and cheese. It’s time to reset the digestion and cleanse out the weight of the winter. In fact, spring and summer are the best seasons for eating vegetarian or vegan.

Go Light

Here are some ways to lighten up your diet this spring.

Favor vegetables and small legumes, like red lentils and mung beans.
Lay off meat, wheat, dairy, and sugar, which are all difficult to digest.
When choosing grains, swap out heavy wheat and oatmeal for lighter options like millet, quinoa, and barley.
Add lots of spices to your dishes, including black pepper, turmeric, ginger, garlic, cumin, and mustard seeds.
Get outside and forage for fiddleheads, ramps, dandelions, and nettles. Be sure to consult a foraging guide.
Eat green! Green everything. Your plate should be just as green as the fluorescent-green spring landscape.

Tuesday 1 June 2021

Sunlight is the biggest cure for Tuberculosis. Eggs, milk, honey, bananas: the man who beat XDR-TB with a smart diet


Mumbai: Most tuberculosis patients visiting the Out-Patient Department (OPD) at the Rural Hospital in Pathri, Parbhani district run into Sangram Sonagekar, and open up to the 31-year-old nurse, as he proceeds to counsel them on the importance of a strong immune system. He should know, considering he has successfully beaten Extremely Drug Resistant (XDR) TB with a nutrient- and protein-rich diet regimen, and tested negative for the disease for four months now.

Among XDR-TB patients, Mr. Sonagekar is a rarity: the strain of the disease he contracted had rendered him resistant to 12 of the 13 available anti-TB drugs. “I relive my experience with TB patients in OPD. I tell them my story and make them believe in the benefits of immunity. I know this is what doctors have been always saying, but when I tell patients about the turnaround in my fight with the disease, I feel it definitely leaves an impact on some patients, if not all.”

His confident demeanour belies the life-changing experience he has been through, starting with a seemingly innocuous cough in December 2014. Nevertheless, he went in for a sputum test and an x-ray. The results were mixed: while the sputum tested negative, the x-ray revealed a lesion in his left lung, enough for doctors to diagnose his ailment as TB.

Downward spiral

Doctors immediately started Mr. Songekar on first line anti-TB drugs, but three months later, his cough had worsened and had begun coughing out blood. This time, the sputum sample tested positive. Worried, he decided to travel to Mumbai in April 2015 and get a expert opinion at the TB Hospital in Sewri.

At the Sewri hospital, tests confirmed his worst fear: he had XDR-TB, which explained why the cough had worsened despite the medication. A CT scan revealed that the TB bacteria had made a cavity in his lung. Reports of tests carried out at the same time on his sputum samples at the Hinduja Hospital in Mahim came two-and-a-half months with the grim revelation that he had developed resistance to 12 of 13 available anti-TB drugs. This left only Clofazimine as a treatment option. “I was suicidal. It didn’t hit me at first, but when the Sewri TB Hospital report revealed drug resistance, I broke down,” says Mr. Sonagekar.

A lifeline

As he struggled against the onrush of acute depression, he met the Dr. Lalitkumar Anande, Chief Medical Officer at the Sewri TB Hospital. His advice charted the future of his battle against TB: shift all focus to his diet to boost the body’s natural immunity. “I charted a diet plan and decided to leave for Savarde Patankar village in Kolhapur, where my parents stay. My hospital in Parbhani had given me leave, and I was worried I’d infect my daughter and wife.”

It wasn’t easy, parting from his infant daughter and his wife, Megha, who also worked as a nurse in the same hospital. Fortunately for the Sonagekars, he was being paid his salary despite being on long leave, which helped him afford the special diet. By then, he had lost five kilos, coming down to a rather lean 55 kg.“It was only for my daughter’s sake that I mustered will to fight the disease.”

Food, the healer

According to Dr. Anande, he needed a large amount of proteins, micronutrient-rich goat’s milk, honey, lemon juice and food supplements for vitamins A, B, C, D and E and a good amount of sunlight, which is also the best source of Vitamin D.

Mr. Sonagekar began the daily diet from May 2015: mornings and evenings, he would consume four raw eggs, two litres of goat or cow milk, depending on availability and mixed with protein supplements, four bananas and a fruit juice. For lunch and dinner, he ate regular, wholesome homecooked meals of dal, chapati, vegetables, rice and salad. “I would also have two lemons after each meal; I’d simply suck out the juice instead of mixing it with water. The medication would make me feel nauseated, and I’d often bring up the food, but I would force it down again.”

By the time the Hinduja Hospital culture reports came in July 2015, Mr. Sonagekar had already started putting on weight. While his medication was altered to include the one drug he was sensitive to, his diet continued. In January 2016, seven months after he began his diet, his sputum sample tested negative for the first time. After that, all tests were negative for TB. The lung cavity, too, was found to have reduced considerably.

While he continues with the diet, Mr. Sonagekar was declared as cured of TB in July 2017, and doctors said he could stop taking his medication.

“I rejoined work on July 20, as soon as the medication stopped. My experience has left me equipped to pass on what I’ve learned about the disease and how to fight it,” he says.

Dr. Anande, the man who charted his recovery course, says, “This is a classic case study that proves how the immune system has the capacity to fight the disease. All one has to do is give it a boost by eating the right foods and getting plenty of morning sunlight.”

https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/eggs-milk-honey-bananas-the-man-who-beat-xdr-tb-with-a-smart-diet/article20606927.ece